The growing concern over the threat to world food security calls for a re-examination of the factors that affect agricultural productivity. This threat becomes more worrisome because of the high prevalence of diseases associated with hunger and poor nutrition intake. This paper examines the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Nigeria. Carbon emission was used to capture the effect of climate change. We examine the effect of climate change on the short-run and long-run output of the agriculture (agricultural productivity) both in the short and long run. Other variables that significantly affect agricultural productivity are arable land and water supply, while labour has an insignificant impact on agricultural productivity in the long run. We recommend that the Nigerian government should step up awareness programs to reduce carbon emissions. To do this, this can be achieved by placing strict sanctions on those that emit carbon dioxide beyond the limit as seen in Lima 2014 conference. Government should also place a ban on the importation of genetically modified crops and subsidized agricultural products. We recommend an outright removal of agricultural subsidies and shielding farmers from adverse market conditions.